Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1881 in which Russia agreed to hand back Yili province to Qing China in exchange for compensation payment and unequal treaty rights
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Exact character matches appear first. For otherwise comparable matches, frequency in film and television subtitles helps determine order. Direct English-definition matches and prefix matches also affect ranking. Word length and the availability of usage notes do not improve rank.
Frequency data: Cai & Brysbaert, SUBTLEX-CH (2010), Creative Commons Attribution. The data includes word forms with at least 10 occurrences in an older subtitle sample. It does not provide current frequency or HSK levels. Absence from the sample does not establish that a word is rare. Names, variants and restricted readings identified in the source appear after general-use entries within the same match type.
unequal treaty of 1898 whereby the Qing dynasty ceded the lease of Lüshun (Port Arthur) to Russia
Tojo Hideki (1884-1948), Japanese military leader hanged as war criminal in 1948
the Mukden or Manchurian Railway Incident of 18th September 1931 used by the Japanese as a pretext to annex Manchuria / also known as 9-18 incident 九一八事變|九一八事变[]
see 柳條湖事件|柳条湖事件[]
Treaty of Aigun, 1858 unequal treaty forced on Qing China by Tsarist Russia
Boxer Protocol of 1901 signed in Beijing, ending the Eight-power Allied Force intervention after the Boxer uprising
Treaty of Livadia (1879) between Russia and China, relating to territory in Chinese Turkistan, renegotiated in 1881 (Treaty of St. Petersburg)
Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)
Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895), concluding the First Sino-Japanese War 甲午戰爭|甲午战争[]
Definitions from CC-CEDICT · 125,326 source records · Release 2026-10-27