Sources & editorial notes
Reference definitions: CC-CEDICT contributors and MDBG, CC BY-SA 4.0. Source release 2026-10-27T01:55:52Z. Imported 2026-10-27. Definition wording and meaning order are retained. Recognized pronunciation references are displayed with tone marks; the original source record is available below.
Source record: cd-893aa1e4d3e905da. Source SHA-256: bbc4b27f26bee1a262f4d7939667a040c7857c7fc0200a2fa7a86d3352a09eae.
Original source entry:
洋務運動 洋务运动 [Yang2 wu4 Yun4 dong4] /Self-Strengthening Movement (period of reforms in China c 1861-1894), also named 自強運動|自强运动/Source material and teaching drafts have separate provenance. Long-term commercial licensing remains under review.
Reference information
The definitions above are from CC-CEDICT. Examples and usage notes are available on selected entries.
Character information
Other forms in these source records: 洋務運動
View the individual characters. Their meanings do not necessarily explain the meaning of the whole word.